In this Perspective, we survey commonly studied geological settings in the Hadean Earth, before discussing how the non-equilibrium conditions hosted by these settings could drive molecular evolution.

A new study has uncovered the universal dynamics far from equilibrium in randomly interacting spin models, thereby complementing the well-established universality in low-energy equilibrium physics.

Self-assembly is a key process in living systems—from the microscopic biological level (e.g. assembly of proteins into fibrils within biomolecular condensates in a human cell) through to the ...